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Chapter 7

SAMPLER

Play along as you read: the FM-1 beside the text is a working one, running the real Groove OS 2.0, and it follows the part of the page you are reading. Tap a control's name in the text to find it on the panel, and press Start on a Try it card to be shown. Sound stays off until you turn it on.

Sample anything, then play it. Plug in your phone, press , and the sound is on a key a moment later, trimmed to where it starts, ready to chop across the keys, tune, loop and play. The SAMPLER also records the FM-1's own groove, so you can bounce a beat, chop it and play it back in a new order. All of it happens on the FM-1.

The SAMPLER opens on SAMPLES: everything you have made, kits, instruments and takes, newest first, in one list. on a row opens its menu, again opens the editor, and comes back up (see SAMPLES).

The SAMPLER is new in Groove OS 2.0. If you are coming from 1.4, Moving between 1.4 and 2.0 says what comes with you.

Your first sample

  1. Turn to SAMPLER, the page right after KEYS. It opens on SAMPLES: press on + NEW KIT to open the editor (on the kit you were building, twice: its menu, then OPEN).
  2. Plug your phone or computer into the FM-1's USB-C port, pick FM-1 Audio as its sound output and play something. On the FM-1 turn (INPUT) to USB: the meter on the top line moves with the sound. No cable? Pair the phone over Bluetooth and use BT instead (see From your phone over Bluetooth).
  3. If the meter runs into the red and the room readout turns to CLIP, turn (GAIN) down until the loudest moments stay left of the line.
  4. Press , then play the sound, and press again when it ends. If nothing is playing yet the picture says WAITING FOR SOUND, and the take starts on the first sound, so nothing silent comes before it. If the sound is already playing, a moment late is fine: the take still starts on its first hit.
  5. The take lands on the pad you were on (R01 ON PAD 1) as you recorded it, and plays back once. Press the key to play it again, turn and to trim it, turn to chop it.

The rest of this chapter is every knob and button behind those five steps.

What the SAMPLER is

The SAMPLER is a page on the SELECT wheel, between KEYS and PROJECT: TRACKS, MIX, PERFORM, KEYS, SAMPLER, PROJECT. It is not a track. It is where you record, and where your samples live. It opens on SAMPLES, your list of everything you have made, and the editor is a level in from it. goes up one level: from the editor to SAMPLES, and from SAMPLES to TRACKS, where the keys play the selected track again.

You build one of two things on it, and on the input chooses (MODE):

ModeYou are buildingWhat the keys do
KITA sample kit: a sound on each of the 16 white keys, a pad each.Each white key plays its own sound, like the pads of a KIT track.
INSTA sample instrument: one sound across the keybed.Every key plays the sound at its own pitch, so you can play melodies and chords.

To use either in a song, put it on a track (see Kits and instruments on tracks). A kit becomes a drum track, an instrument becomes a SAMPLE track.

Reading the screen

WhereWhat it shows
Top line, leftThe input chip (BT, USB, MAIN, DRY or T1 to T8) and its meter. The chip is filled while the cursor is on the input. While a sound bakes it says BAKE.
Top line, rightThe room left for new samples, in seconds at the current QUALITY. While a take records it counts down what is left for that take. CLIP takes its place for a moment when the input clipped.
The pictureOn a key: its waveform, with START in blue and END in green. On an empty key, before you record: what the input has been hearing, scrolling, the newest at the right. While a take records: only the take, growing from the left, with its length above it.
The key rowSixteen cells, one for each white key. A cell is tinted when its key has a sound, and a chop shares the tint of the sound it was cut from. The key you are on has an outline. In INST the same cells show the one sound, and the key that plays it as recorded is marked C.
The hint, and the tagOne line of what to press next, and KIT or INST at its right.
The legendK1 to K4 for whatever the cursor is on.

The lights on the panel's white keys follow the same picture: in KIT the keys that hold a sound are lit, and in INST the lit key is the C.

The cursor is , as everywhere. It stops on the input first, then on each pad (KIT) or on the one sound (INST). Playing a white key also puts the cursor on it. While the cursor is on the input, on an empty key, or while you record, there is nothing to trim yet, so the knobs are the input's.

Cursor onK1K2K3K4
The input, an empty key, or while recordingINPUTGAINMODEBARS
A pad (KIT)STARTENDCHOPSTUNE
The sound (INST)STARTENDLOOPTUNE
held, on a pad (KIT)LEVELCHOKEREVERSEFIT
held, on the sound (INST)ATTACKRELEASEREVERSEnot used

Hold and the page stays where it is: the legend shows the second row, with a HOME tag, and the panel's keys light to show their settings, F3 to B3 the bars you chose. Hold for a short help card, and tap it for SETTINGS.

Every control

ControlOn the SAMPLER
Turns to the SAMPLER (after KEYS). It opens on SAMPLES, and there opens the editor.
The cursor: the input, then the keys or the sound.
to The tables above. held while you turn moves a value ten at a time.
Records sound onto the key you are on if it is empty, else the next empty key. With nothing playing it waits for the sound (WAITING FOR SOUND). Press again to stop, or to call off a take that is waiting.
Captures what you just heard (see Keep what you just heard).
A tap is undo; during a take, or while it waits for the sound, a tap calls the take off and keeps nothing. Hold it to delete the sound on the key; it asks first.
(turn)Goes up to SAMPLES.
Opens the SAMPLER menu. Its last row, DELETE, deletes the sound on the key, the same as holding .
Goes up to SAMPLES. again goes to TRACKS.
, , , The bars of the next take: 1, 2, 4 or 8 (see Bars).
The white keysKIT: play the pad. An empty pad chops while a long sound plays. INST: play notes.
The black keysKIT: nothing. INST: notes.
On a sample track: opens the SAMPLER on what it plays. again goes back to TRACKS.

Where the sound comes from

(INPUT) picks what the FM-1 records. The FM-1 has no audio input jack, so the sources are Bluetooth, USB-C and the FM-1 itself.

InputWhat it records
BTWhat a phone or a computer plays to the FM-1 over Bluetooth, with no cable. Pair it first and pick FM-1 Groove as the sound output on that device (see Bluetooth).
USBWhat a phone or a computer plays into the FM-1 over USB-C. Pick FM-1 Audio as the sound output on that device.
MAINEverything you hear from the FM-1: all the tracks and the main effects.
DRYThe same mix before the main effects. It is the clean choice when the loop will go back through the same reverb or delay.
T1 to T8One track on its own, as it sounds with its own track effects.

The FM-1 has no microphone input of its own. To sample your voice or an instrument, record it on a phone or a computer and play it into the FM-1 over Bluetooth or USB-C, or play it live through any app that sends its input to the output.

Samples are mono. The input changes only between takes (INPUT: AFTER THIS TAKE if a take is running). The SAMPLER listens while its page is open, so the picture always shows what the input has just heard.

Gain and the clip warning

(GAIN) sets how hot the input is. The meter shows the level after the gain: green up to the thin line, yellow past it, and a red block at the very end that lights when the sound reaches full scale. When it does, CLIP replaces the room readout for a moment. Turn the gain down until the loud parts sit left of the line, and the take will be clean.

Try it·On the FM-1

The input is clipping: turn K2 down until GAIN is back at 0.

K2

From your phone over Bluetooth

BT is the way to sample with no cable at all. It works like USB: the same meter, the same GAIN and CLIP, and the take lands on a key the same way.

  1. In SETTINGS, turn BLUETOOTH to ON (see BLUETOOTH), and pair the phone once: pick FM-1 Groove in its Bluetooth settings. There is no code to enter.
  2. On the SAMPLER, turn (INPUT) to BT. If nothing is arriving yet, the toast says PHONE: PLAY TO FM-1 GROOVE. You can press before the phone plays: the take waits for its sound (WAITING FOR SOUND).
  3. Play something on the phone, with FM-1 Groove as its sound output. The meter on the top line moves with it.
  4. Press , start the sound on the phone, and press again when it ends, as with any input. While nothing arrives the picture says WAITING FOR SOUND.
  • You hear it. What the phone plays comes out of the FM-1 as it records, at the level of the FM-1's own volume, so you choose the moment by ear. The FM-1 does not send it back to the phone.
  • The FM-1 is also a speaker for your phone. Whatever the phone plays is heard from the FM-1 whichever INPUT you chose, so you can play along with a track from your phone.
  • A take is trimmed like a take from USB. It starts on its first sound and stops just after its last one. It lands as you recorded it, not fitted: one click right on fits it to the song (see FIT).
  • A linked phone sets the input. If a phone is paired and connected when you open the SAMPLER, INPUT starts on BT (a computer streaming over USB: USB), until you pick an input yourself. The input you pick stays, also after a restart.
  • It is mono, like every sample.
  • The meter is low? The phone's own volume changes how loud the sound arrives: turn it up first, then (GAIN).

Recording

Press to start a take and again to stop it. While it runs the picture shows only the take, growing from the left with its length above it, the room at the top right counts down, and the hint says REC: STOP. The knobs are the input's, and INPUT and BARS wait for the end of the take.

REC waits for the sound. If the input has heard nothing in the moment before you press (the last tenth of a second), the take does not start yet: the picture says WAITING FOR SOUND and blinks. The first sound starts it, on any input: anything louder than -40 dBFS after GAIN. The FM-1 has kept listening, so the very start of that sound is in the take, and nothing silent comes before it. Press again, or tap , to call it off: REC CALLED OFF, and nothing is recorded. A take that hears nothing for 20 seconds calls itself off: REC CALLED OFF · NO SOUND. A sound that has died away before you press never starts the take early: the take starts with the next one.

A take keeps only what you play. When a take lands, the FM-1 keeps it to just after its last sound and gives the silence after that back to the room, so a late second press of costs you nothing. Bars in time keep all of their length, silence included: a BARS take, bars you keep with while the groove plays, and a take of the FM-1's own sound that ends on the groove's bar line. A loop whose silent end is shorter than a beat keeps it too, so a loop recorded to its bar line keeps its length for SET TEMPO and FIT.

It never overwrites. A take goes on the pad the cursor is on if that pad is empty. If it has a sound, the take goes on the next empty pad, wrapping round to the start of the row, and the toast says so: R03 ON PAD 3 · PAD 2 KEPT. Takes are named R01, R02 and so on. If all 16 pads are full it says 16 PADS FULL · HOME: NEW KIT: goes up to SAMPLES, where + NEW KIT is.

Every take is brought to a good level as it lands, even a phone played softly, so a quiet sample is not a quiet pad: your pads start evenly loud, in the SAMPLER and on your tracks, and LEVEL (see Settings for each pad) trims from there. Every sound also fades in and out for an instant, so a key never clicks.

Try it·On the FM-1

Play the phone's clip, press REC as the voice starts and REC again when it ends.

REC

Where a take starts and stops

The FM-1 keeps listening while the SAMPLER is open, so a take can start from just before you pressed . Press a moment late and the take still starts on the first hit, not after it, and a take that waited for its sound starts exactly where the sound does. A take is also trimmed at the end, just after its last sound, so you do not need to be quick with the second press either.

A take lands as you recorded it: FIT off, played once per press. The hint offers HOME+K4: FIT TO SONG: one click right fits it to the song (the menu's FIT row does the same) (see FIT).

You can trim a take afterwards (see Trim), and undo it (see Undo, retake and delete). In INST a new take becomes the instrument, and the one it replaces stays in SAMPLES: R07 ON THE KEYS · R04 IN SAMPLES.

Quality: HIGH or LONG

The QUALITY row of the SAMPLER menu () trades a little sound for room: HIGH · BEST SOUND, the default, or LONG · 2× TIME, which gives about twice the recording time, with a little grain. Turn right for LONG and left for HIGH. The value says what you get, so there is no message when it changes.

  • It applies from the next take. A take that is running keeps the quality it started with, and every take keeps its own, so switching later never changes a sample you already have.
  • The room follows it. With LONG the room left is about twice what it was: the readout at the top right of the SAMPLER and SAMPLES show it. Every figure for the room is in seconds at the quality you have now: the readout, STORE FULL: 4.4 S FREE, what a delete FREES and what DELETE UNUSED gives back. Bluetooth audio takes some of the room samples had, so a single take runs up to 10.3 seconds at HIGH quality, the default, and 20.3 seconds at LONG, a little less than in the earlier 2.0 builds. A new FM-1 has no samples on it: new projects start on the EIGHT-OH synth kit, which uses none of that room, so all of it is yours. On a new FM-1 only the take you make before anything is saved is a little shorter, 9.7 seconds at HIGH and 19.2 at LONG: every take after it can use the full room.
  • The FM-1 starts listening afresh when you change it. The look-back before a take, and what captures, begin from nothing again, so play a moment before you record.
  • It is remembered. The FM-1 keeps your choice with the session, so a restart that brings the session back brings it back too, and loading another project does not change it.

Try it·On the FM-1

The SAMPLER menu is open on its QUALITY row, on HIGH. Turn K1 right: LONG gives about twice the recording time.

K1

Bars

(BARS) on the input is OPEN, 1, 2, 4 or 8. , , or sets 1, 2, 4 or 8 too, and the toast says BARS 2 · THE NEXT TAKE. Bars make a take land in time with the song:

BARSWhile the music playsWhile it is stopped
1, 2, 4, 8 waits for the next bar (the picture says NEXT BAR), records exactly that many bars and stops by itself. The take lands on PLAY LOOP and loops in time. If nothing is playing into the input yet, it waits for the sound, and the bars start on the bar line the sound comes in after (a sound a sixteenth early starts on the next line). starts with the sound (at once if it is already playing) and stops after that many bars.
OPEN, from MAIN, DRY or a trackThe take starts on the bar line just passed, and again ends it on the next bar line: IT STOPS ON THE BAR LINE. starts a take and again ends it.
OPEN, from USB or BT starts a take and again ends it. It lands as recorded: FIT puts it in time. starts a take and again ends it.

A press of during a take ends it early. Press it while the picture says NEXT BAR or WAITING FOR SOUND and it calls the take off.

Pro tip: to sample the FM-1 itself, set INPUT to MAIN, set BARS to 2 and press while the groove plays. It starts on the next bar and gives you two clean bars, in time, that loop with the song.

Keep what you just heard

You do not have to be recording to catch something good. The hint line offers it (HOME+SAVE: KEEP LAST BARS): keeps what the input just heard, onto an empty pad the way a take goes:

  • With the groove playing and the input not on USB or BT, it keeps the most recent whole bars it has heard, cut on the bar line and in time, and the toast says how many: KEPT 1 BAR · LOOPS IN TIME or KEPT 2 BARS · LOOPS IN TIME. The FM-1 listens back about 2.8 seconds at HIGH and 5.6 seconds at LONG, so at 90 BPM HIGH keeps one bar and LONG two; at 120 BPM HIGH keeps one and LONG two (a short while after the SAMPLER opens it has heard less). The pad lands on PLAY LOOP: a press starts it in time with the song, the next press stops it.
  • Otherwise it keeps the last stretch the input heard.

If nothing has come in yet it says NOTHING HEARD YET. It works only while the SAMPLER is open, because that is when the FM-1 is listening.

Trim: START and END

(START) and (END) set where a sound starts and ends. You hear each edge as you turn: a turn of START plays the sound from the new start, and a turn of END plays the end of the sound, up to the new end. You stop turning when the next word, or the next hit, has gone.

  • The picture marks START with a blue line and END with a green one. The number under START is how far into the sample the sound starts, and the number under END is how long it plays.
  • A turn moves the edge by a small step that fits the length of the sound, never less than 10 ms. Hold while you turn to move in tens.
  • Each edge lands on a smooth point in the sound, so a trimmed sound never clicks.

Chops

Turn (CHOPS) on a key and the sound splits on its hits into 2 to 15 pieces. Each piece goes on one of the empty keys after it, and the whole sound stays whole on its own key, so you can chop it again. Turn down below 2 and CHOPS is OFF: the pieces go away.

The toast says what happened: 2 CHOPS · ON THE KEYS AFTER IT, NO CHOPS · PAD 1 WHOLE, or ROOM FOR 4 · HOME: NEW KIT if the empty keys ran out. Each chop is a key of its own, with its own TUNE, LEVEL, CHOKE and REVERSE. Press the keys and finger-drum them.

Do thisWhat happens
on a sound, or on any of its chopsChops the whole sound again, on its hits. Turn it to try a different number.
on a sound that is warped SPEEDChops on the sixteenth-note grid of its bars instead of on its hits. On a sound in time the hint says K3: CHOP IN TIME, and on one as recorded K3: CHOP ON HITS.
on a sound warped BEATS or TONESBakes it first: the sound plays once at the song's tempo, pitch kept, into a new take on the next empty key (it takes the length of its bars; the keys wait meanwhile), and the chops are cut from that on the sixteenth-note grid: BAKED AT 90 BPM · 8 CHOPS. While it bakes the input chip says BAKE. The baked sound is fitted SPEED at the song's tempo, at its own pitch (its tag reads FITTED 2 BARS; at another tempo it plays faster or slower like a record and reads SPEED 2 BARS), and its chops are plain one-shots already in time, so they stay in time on a drum track. The copy needs room for all its bars: when HIGH has too little, it is made at LONG (FITTED · LONG QUALITY TO FIT) and the next takes stay at your QUALITY. When even LONG has too little, nothing changes and it says NO ROOM · DELETE A SAMPLE OR TRIM IT. The warped sound stays as it was. Undo takes the bake and its chops away.
Tap an empty key while a sound longer than a second playsA chop starts there, a hair before your tap so a late finger still catches the hit. The toast says CHOP ON PAD 4, and the hint says EMPTY PAD: CHOP HERE.
Put the cursor on a chop and turn (START)Moves where that chop starts. It plays as you turn, and the chop before it ends where this one begins, so nothing overlaps and nothing is missing.

Short sounds never chop by accident: tapping an empty key only chops while a sound longer than a second is playing, so finger-drumming on short hits is safe.

Chops of one sound cut each other. Press the next chop and the one before stops, so you can play them as fast as you like and hear each one clean, here and on a drum track. Sounds from different samples still ring over each other. CHOKE A or B on a chop puts it in that group instead. Turn at any speed: every click counts.

Pro tip: to chop a vocal or a loop in time with the song, fit it first (one click right on ), then turn CHOPS: it bakes the fitted sound and the pieces fall on the sixteenth-note grid, in time and at their own pitch.

A chopped kit comes with all its chops when you put it on a track.

Try it·On the FM-1

Turn K3 to chop the break on its hits.

K3

Settings for each pad

Every key keeps its own settings. Most are on the knobs, in the table under Reading the screen; the rest are in the SAMPLER menu ().

SettingWhereWhat it does
TUNEPlays the sound higher or lower, two octaves either way. It plays the key as you turn, so you hear it.
REVERSEPlays the sound backwards. The key's name line says REV.
LEVELHow loud the key plays, from quiet to a little louder than it landed. 0DB is where it landed.
CHOKEOFF: the key plays on its own (chops of one sound still cut each other). SELF: pressing the key again cuts its own last sound, so it never stacks. A and B: keys in the same group cut each other, like a closed hat cutting an open one.
PLAYThe menuONE-SHOT plays the whole sound each press. GATE plays it only while you hold the key. LOOP loops it until you press the key again. A kit's key is ONE-SHOT until you choose otherwise, fitted to the song or not; only bars recorded or captured in time land on LOOP. An instrument is different: it plays while you hold the key, then its release.
FITFits a sound to the song's tempo: the first click right fits it (TONES), the next ones BEATS, SPEED, OFF (see FIT). On a chopped sound its chops follow.

On the key row, a key set to GATE has a small line under its number, and a key set to LOOP has a small square in its corner.

KIT and INST

KIT: a kit on the white keys

In KIT the 16 white keys, from the lowest F, are 16 sounds: your own kit. Pressing a key plays its sound and puts the cursor on it. The black keys do nothing. Record a hit, record the next one, and each lands on the next empty key until you have a kit. Chop one long sound across the keys, or mix: some takes, some chops.

To play a key's sound across the keybed, make it the instrument (MAKE INSTRUMENT, below).

A sound that has chops is marked WHOLE on its name line, so you can tell it from its chops; on a drum track the whole is R03 and its chops R03·1, R03·2 and on.

INST: one sound across the keys

Turn on the input to INST and, if you have no instrument yet, the sound you were on comes with you as the instrument, with its FIT. To make any key the instrument, with its trim and FIT, pick MAKE INSTRUMENT in the menu (the instrument you had stays in SAMPLES). Every key, black and white, plays it at its own pitch, so melodies and chords are one key press away. The key that plays it exactly as recorded is marked C on the screen and lit on the panel.

A fitted instrument keeps its length on every key. Fit it TONES or BEATS and each key moves the pitch, not the length: a phrase fitted to two bars lasts two bars on the C, an octave up and a fifth down, in the SAMPLER and on its SAMPLE track. Fitted SPEED, it plays like a record instead: an octave up is twice as fast. Keys more than an octave below a sound that was sped up to fit start to play shorter.

KnobWhat it does in INST
LOOPWhile you hold a key, the sound loops between START and END, so it sustains. A yellow bracket under the picture shows the loop.
TUNEMoves the C: which key plays the sound as recorded.
ATTACKHow slowly the sound fades in when you press a key.
RELEASEHow long it rings out after you let go.
REVERSEPlays it backwards.

A sample from your voice, a loop on, a slow attack and a long release is a soft pad.

When you change back to KIT, your kit is as you left it. A new kit is + NEW KIT on SAMPLES, and a new instrument is + NEW INSTRUMENT. The ones you replaced stay in SAMPLES.

Try it·On the FM-1

Put the cursor on the input and turn K3 to INST: the sound becomes an instrument.

ALGORITHMK3

FIT: a loop in time with the song

FIT is the one move for a phrase or a loop: one click right from OFF (on , or the menu's FIT row) sets END just after the last sound, the fit to TONES, and its bars from the song's tempo, and says so: TONES · 2 BARS AT 90 BPM · PITCH KEPT.

is the same move on a key: its legend says FIT, and the first click right fits it to the song. The clicks after it go on to BEATS, SPEED and back to OFF; a click left from OFF is SPEED. Once a key is fitted the hint says what the next click does: HOME+K4: FIT BEATS, FIT SPEED or FIT OFF.

A chopped sound's chops follow. Fit or warp a sound that has chops, or any of its chops (they are one group, the one they choke in), and the chops are baked again at the song's tempo and cut where they were: BAKED AT 90 BPM · 8 CHOPS, or FITTED · LONG QUALITY TO FIT when only LONG has the room. Chop first and fit after, or fit first and chop after: either way the chops play in time and at their own pitch, here and on a drum track. If there is no room for the fitted copy, the fit is not made at all and the chops stay as they were: NO ROOM · DELETE A SAMPLE OR TRIM IT.

FIT (the menu's FIT, or ) makes a loop play in time with the song, whatever tempo it was recorded at. The FM-1 works out how many bars the sound is, the nearest of 1, 2, 4 or 8 at the song's tempo, and says so: TONES · 2 BARS AT 96 BPM. A fitted kit key plays once per press, in time, then stops, like any pad; set PLAY to LOOP and it loops until you press it again. Leaving the editor, or changing the kit or the mode, stops it too: nothing the SAMPLER's keys play keeps sounding after you go.

FITWhat it doesGood for
OFFPlays as recorded.One-shots and drum hits.
SPEEDFits the bars by playing faster or slower, so the pitch moves with the speed, like a record. The menu says SPEED. On the key's name line it reads SPEED 2 BARS when the sound is played faster or slower than it was recorded, and FITTED 2 BARS when it plays at its own speed (a take recorded in time, a baked copy, a loop after SET TEMPO): its pitch is as recorded.A loop close to the song's tempo, or when you want the tape effect.
BEATSStretches the gaps between the hits and keeps every hit whole.Drum loops and breaks.
TONESStretches the sound and keeps its pitch. TUNE, or another key of an instrument, then transposes without changing the length. The menu says TONES (KEEPS PITCH).Melodies, chords and vocals.

Two voices at once. At most two fitted sounds (BEATS or TONES) play at the same time. The key's name line counts them (TONES 1/2). A third plays as SPEED, and says so: 2 FITTED PLAYING · THIS ONE: SPEED. SPEED has no such limit.

The other way round. SET TEMPO in the menu sets the song's tempo from the loop on the key, so a break recorded at 92 BPM makes your song 92 BPM instead of bending the break. The toast says TEMPO 92 BPM. A key that is not fitted is switched to SPEED so it keeps playing in time; a key that is already fitted (BEATS or TONES) keeps its fit, and the fit follows the new tempo. The row is there only for a sound of at least half a bar. Changed your mind? A tap of puts the song back at its old tempo (UNDO TEMPO 90 BPM).

An instrument can be warped from the menu as well.

Try it·On the FM-1

Hold HOME and turn K4 to BEATS: the loop locks to the song's tempo.

HOMEK4

The SAMPLER menu

opens the menu on its first row, TO A TRACK, every time (the figures under Quality: HIGH or LONG show it). A row that cannot act says why instead (RECORD FIRST while the key is empty). Making a new kit and giving room back are on SAMPLES now, not in this menu.

RowWhat it does
TO A TRACKAdds a SAMPLE track with your kit (in KIT) or your instrument (in INST) on it: T6 KIT 1.
MAKE INSTRUMENTThe key you are on, with its trim and FIT, becomes the instrument (see INST). KIT only.
FITThe same as : one click right from OFF fits the sound to the song (END after the last sound, TONES, its bars from the song: TONES · 2 BARS AT 90 BPM · PITCH KEPT), then BEATS, SPEED (PITCH MOVES) and OFF (see FIT).
PLAYONE-SHOT, GATE or LOOP for the key you are on. KIT only.
QUALITYHIGH · BEST SOUND or LONG · 2× TIME for the next take (see Quality: HIGH or LONG).
SET TEMPOSets the song's tempo from the loop. It is there only for a sound in time (half a bar or more).
RENAMERenames the sample on the pad: the keys type the letters. The new name shows everywhere the sample does. It says SAVED WHEN THE SONG STOPS until the sample is saved.
DELETEDeletes the sound on the key you are on. Its row names the sound, and it asks the same question as holding (see Undo, retake and delete). CANCEL is the default; after a delete you are back on the editor.

SAMPLES

SAMPLES is the SAMPLER's front page, and the place everything you have made lives: your kits, your instruments and your takes, newest first, in one list. Turning to SAMPLER opens it, and so does SAMPLES in SETTINGS. The editor from the sections above is one level in: opens the highlighted item's menu and again opens it there, comes back up, and again goes to TRACKS.

The rows

  • + NEW KIT and + NEW INSTRUMENT come first. opens an empty one in the editor, so starting something new is one move. The kit or instrument you were on stays in the list.
  • The kit you are building is marked OPEN. One that is not saved yet says NOT SAVED YET, so nothing ever seems lost.
  • Then everything on the FM-1, newest first. A kit is KIT 2, an instrument is INST R04 (named after its sample) and a take is R03. A take that is on a kit or an instrument lives inside it, so it has no row of its own: open the kit to find it. Only takes on no kit get a row (TYPE SAMPLES lists every take).
  • DELETE UNUSED is the last row (see DELETE UNUSED).

Each row says who uses it, then how big it is:

RowWhat it says
A takeWho uses it: a track of this project (T5), saved projects (2 PROJECTS, 1 PROJECT), a key on the SAMPLER (PAD 3), a kit you kept (KIT 2), or UNUSED. Then its length.
A kitOPEN if it is the one you are building, else the tracks that play it, then how many pads it has (2 PADS).
An instrumentOPEN or the tracks that play it, then the length of its sample.

Where you left off. The cursor waits on the kit or instrument you were building, so twice carries on where you stopped.

The room

The bar at the top is the room: grey is used, red is what DELETE UNUSED would give back. The legend under the list:

KnobShows
TYPEALL, KITS, INST or SAMPLES: turn it to show just those. SAMPLES lists every take, the ones inside kits too.
ITEMSHow many kits, instruments and takes the list holds.
FREEThe room left, with a ring. SAMPLES is where to see how much room you have left for new takes.
TOWhere a take would go if you pressed on it: PAD 3, or INST.

After you delete something the room readout holds its figure and catches up a moment later, once the FM-1 has the freed room ready. It does not dip to 0 while that happens.

What each control does here

ControlDoes
(or )Moves down the list. Hear it before you open it: each row plays once as the cursor reaches it, a take whole, a kit's first sound, an instrument's sample.
The white keysOn a kit, play its pads. On an instrument, play its notes.
On a kit, an instrument or a take: opens its menu, with OPEN already picked, so twice opens it in the editor (see A row's menu). + NEW KIT or + NEW INSTRUMENT opens an empty one at once. DELETE UNUSED asks.
Records into the highlighted kit or instrument (or into a new one on a + row): the editor opens and the take starts, so you see it land. On a take, or on DELETE UNUSED, it records into the kit you are building. Press it again to stop.
Captures what you just heard, as in the editor (see Keep what you just heard).
Hold Deletes the highlighted row, with a question first, the same as the row menu's DELETE. A tap of is the editor's undo.
TYPE, as above.
Goes to TRACKS (to SETTINGS, if you came from there).
heldA short card for the page.

A row's menu

on a kit, an instrument or a take opens its menu. The header names the row, and the cursor always starts on OPEN.

RowWhat it does
OPENOpens it in the editor: a kit or instrument as it is, a take on the kit's next empty pad (across the keys, for an instrument).
RENAMERenames the take: the keys type the letters, and the new name shows everywhere the take does. Takes only.
DELETEDeletes it, with the same question as holding (see Make room safely). After a delete you are back on SAMPLES. On a kit the row says DELETE KIT and that its samples stay (2 SAMPLES STAY): the kit goes, its samples stay.

goes back to the list without changing anything.

Your kit is never lost. Opening another kit, or + NEW KIT, while the kit you are building is not saved yet says SAVING THE KIT FIRST (SAVING THE INSTRUMENT FIRST for an instrument), and starts saving at once: press again to open the other. While the music plays it says STOP TO SAVE IT FIRST.

Try it·On the FM-1

Turn K1 right to SAMPLES, so the list shows your takes, and press SEL on one: its menu opens with OPEN picked. Press SEL again to open it in the editor.

K1SEL

Make room safely

Press on a row and pick DELETE, the last row of its menu, or hold on the row until the ring fills. Either way it asks before it deletes, and says what uses it:

RowThe question
A takeDELETE R03? with USED: PAD 2 · THEY LOSE IT (or T5, 2 PROJECTS), or NOTHING USES IT · IT LEAVES THE FM-1.
A kitDELETE KIT 1? with ITS SAMPLES STAY, or PROJECTS KEEP THEIR COPY if a track plays it. The takes on it stay in the list, and become UNUSED if nothing else uses them.
An instrumentDELETE INST R04?, the same two lines.
+ NEW KIT, + NEW INSTRUMENT, a row not saved yetNOTHING TO DELETE HERE. Open it and clear its pads instead.

CANCEL is the default: keeps everything, and then deletes. Deleting the kit you are building empties the editor to a new kit.

DELETE UNUSED

The last row of SAMPLES gives room back in one move. It deletes the samples made on the FM-1 that nothing needs: not on a key of the SAMPLER, not on a track of this project, not in any saved project and not in a kit you keep. It also deletes the kits and instruments you are not building whose sounds are all like that. Its row shows how many and how much room that gives back, or NONE.

It checks your saved projects first (CHECKING THE PROJECTS for a moment), then asks once: DELETE 6 UNUSED?, with a line that says how many samples and kits go and how much room that gives back. When it is done a toast says how many it deleted (DELETED 6), and the room readout catches up a moment later, once the room is ready. If there is nothing to delete it says EVERY SAMPLE IS IN USE.

Saving samples, deleting, renaming and DELETE UNUSED need the music stopped. While it plays, they say STOP TO SAVE.

Try it·On the FM-1

DELETE UNUSED is asking. CANCEL is the default: turn ALGORITHM to DELETE and press SEL.

ALGORITHMSEL

On your computer

Your samples have a home on the website too: the Samples page. Manage your samples from your computer: add any sound, back up, tidy up. It works over the same USB cable as the Install page, in Chrome or Edge, and what you add or change there is on the FM-1 afterwards, in SAMPLES. If a project plays samples the FM-1 does not have, the FM-1 points you to the same page (GROOVE-OS.COM/SAMPLES).

Kits and instruments on tracks

A kit or an instrument you built becomes a sound in PRESETS, next to every other sound, and you play it from a track. The kit you are building is there at once, from its first sound, before the FM-1 has saved it and while the song plays: PRESETS lists it on top as KIT 2, and puts it on the track.

Two moves put it on a track, and the new track is named after it (KIT 1, or the instrument's sample, R01), the same name as the toast says (T6 KIT 1):

  • TO A TRACK in the SAMPLER's menu: a new track with the kit or instrument you are building on it.
  • On TRACKS, + ADD TRACK > SAMPLE: a new track with the SAMPLER's kit or instrument on it, or the newest one you kept. If you have not sampled anything yet, it adds a track with the SAMPLER's empty kit and opens the SAMPLER, ready to record: T5 KIT 1 · REC: RECORD. What you record lands on that track's pads as you go. The menu opens on the kind of track you added last.

The new track is selected, so the keys and on TRACKS go to it. To put another of your kits or instruments on a track, use PRESETS, below.

You can also pick the type KIT or INST for any track from PRESETS ( is TYPE, or turn while holding ), the way you pick any other sound. A kit goes on a drum track, or on an empty track, which becomes one. A track of another kind that already has notes says CLEAR THE TRACK FIRST.

You put on a trackYou get
A kitA drum track with your 16 sounds on its pads (PADS A and PADS B, switched with ). Play them from the keys and the step grid, as with any kit.
An instrumentA SAMPLE track that plays the sound as notes. The sequencer, and the arpeggiator work on it as on any track. A warped instrument, or one longer than a bar, plays its whole sound on a tap (TAP A KEY); a short one plays while you hold the key.
  • REC records notes there. On the TRACKS page, records your playing into a sample track as it does for any track. Sound is recorded on the SAMPLER only.
  • A kit's keys come with their TUNE, LEVEL, CHOKE (A and B), REVERSE and PLAY, and as loud as they play in the SAMPLER: a key on LOOP loops on the track, the others play once per hit. A fitted key plays fitted on the track as in the SAMPLER (SPEED, or stretched for BEATS and TONES, two at a time), and a LOOP key loops until its next hit or STOP. An instrument keeps its fit. For chops in time on a drum track, chop a BEATS or TONES sound: they are baked in time (see Chops).
  • The SAMPLER plays what your tracks play. The kit or instrument open in the SAMPLER is the one on your tracks: trim, tune or chop a key and every track of this project that plays that kit or instrument changes with it, as you turn. There is nothing to save first. Saved projects keep the copy they were saved with.
  • EDIT reopens the SAMPLER, inside your song. Press on a sample track and the SAMPLER opens on its kit or instrument, the top line naming the track (T5 · INST). What you change goes straight onto the track, and onto every other track that plays it. Press again to go back to TRACKS ( goes up to SAMPLES instead). If the SAMPLER has a kit that is not saved yet, it opens on that kit instead (it is never lost), and the track keeps what it had.
  • A project holds up to 32 samples. A kit or instrument that would go past that says PROJECT FULL: 32 SAMPLES.
  • The kit you are building is saved for you. The SAMPLER saves its kit and instrument on the FM-1 whenever the music is stopped and you have paused for a moment, and puts the cursor on it in SAMPLES the next time.

Try it·On the FM-1

Put your kit on a track: HOME to TRACKS, then ADD TRACK and SAMPLE.

HOMEALGORITHMSEL

Undo, retake and delete

has two jobs, as everywhere in Groove OS: a tap is undo, and a hold is the destructive verb.

  • Undo is one step. Tap and the keys go back to how they were before your last take, capture, chop, warp, tempo change, mode change, new kit, sample you put on a pad, or sound you took off a pad, and the toast says which: UNDO TAKE, or DELETED when the take also leaves SAMPLES. Tap again and it says NOTHING TO UNDO. A take you undo goes from SAMPLES too, unless something else uses it (a track, a saved project, another kit). Chops you cut right after a take or a bake go with it: one tap takes the take or the bake and its chops away, and the cursor goes back to the key it came from.
  • During a take, HOME + REC calls it off. Tapped while recording, or while the picture says WAITING FOR SOUND, it ends the take and keeps nothing: no pad, nothing in SAMPLES.
  • Retake. Press again. The new take goes on the next empty pad and the old one stays (R02 ON PAD 4 · PAD 1 KEPT), so you can compare them. To replace a sound on its pad, delete it first.
  • Delete. Hold on a key until the ring fills, or press and pick DELETE, the menu's last row. It then asks DELETE R03? and says what happens. If something else uses the sample (T5 STILL USES IT · OFF THIS PAD ONLY) it only comes off the key. If nothing does, it says how much room comes back (FREES 0.5S), and the sample goes at once. A track that plays the kit you are building is not "something else": it lets go of the sample with the kit.

Careful: deleting a sample that nothing else uses takes it off the FM-1, and undo cannot bring it back.

Try it·On the FM-1

Tap HOME + REC to undo the last take.

HOMEREC

What the SAMPLER holds

LimitWhat to know
PadsA kit has 16 pads. One sound chops into up to 15 pieces.
In the SAMPLEROne kit and one instrument at a time. Earlier ones are in SAMPLES, and in PRESETS.
Fitted soundsAt most two BEATS or TONES at once. A third plays at SPEED.
Samples in a projectUp to 32.
Tracks in a projectUp to eight, as ever (8 TRACKS: NO MORE).
Takes waitingWhile the music plays, takes wait to be saved at the next stop. Three can wait, and then it says 3 TAKES WAIT · STOP TO SAVE THEM.
RoomSAMPLES shows the room left, and QUALITY LONG gives about twice as much for new takes. TOO LONG FOR THE ROOM means the bars you chose will not fit, NO ROOM · DELETE A SAMPLE OR TRIM IT that a fitted copy will not fit even at LONG, and STORE FULL means the take or kit would not fit. DELETE UNUSED gives room back.
ChannelsSamples are mono.
SourcesBluetooth, USB-C, MAIN, DRY or one track. There is no audio input jack and no microphone input.
SavingSaving, deleting and renaming need the music stopped.

Moving between 1.4 and 2.0

2.0 is the current release, and the Install page installs it. The way back to 1.4 is one click on the same page.

  • Your samples and kits come with you. The sounds and kits you put on in Your own sounds come to 2.0 with you. Going back to 1.4, the ones you made in 2.0 wait in this browser until you return.
  • Your projects come back on your FM-1, with a copy in your downloads. Whenever you switch, the installer saves them as .groove files first, then puts each one back in its own slot and checks it. Going back to 1.4, Bluetooth is off (turn it on in SETTINGS) and 1.4 can't play 2.0's sample tracks.
  • LFOs in time play free on 1.4. A song that uses LFOs in time opens on 1.4 too; there they run free, at about the speed they had at the tempo you chose them at.

Troubleshooting

What happensWhy, and what to do
WAITING FOR SOUND is waiting for the first sound. Play it, or press to call it off. If the sound is playing and it still waits, the input hears nothing: check INPUT and the meter (below).
The meter does not moveCheck INPUT (). For BT the phone or computer must be paired, BLUETOOTH must be on in SETTINGS, FM-1 Groove must be its sound output, and it must be playing. For USB the phone or computer must be plugged into the FM-1's USB-C port, with FM-1 Audio as its sound output, and playing. For MAIN, the music has to be playing.
PHONE: PLAY TO FM-1 GROOVEINPUT is BT and nothing is arriving ( still waits for it: WAITING FOR SOUND). Pair the phone (SETTINGS > BLUETOOTH), choose FM-1 Groove as its sound output and play something. See BLUETOOTH.
CLIP showsThe input is too hot. Turn (GAIN) down until the loudest moments stay left of the line.
16 PADS FULL · HOME: NEW KITAll 16 keys have a sound. Press to go up to SAMPLES and choose + NEW KIT, or hold on a key to delete one.
NOTHING HEARD YET captures only what the SAMPLER heard while its page was open. Play something and try again.
INPUT: AFTER THIS TAKE or BARS: AFTER THIS TAKEA take is running. Press to end it first.
STOP TO SAVE, STOP TO SAVE IT FIRST or STOP TO SAVE THE TAKE FIRSTThese need the music stopped. Stop it () and try again.
3 TAKES WAIT · STOP TO SAVE THEMTakes are saved when the music stops. Stop it, then record.
3 TAKES WAIT · SAVING or SAVING THE TAKE FIRSTThe music is stopped and the takes are being saved. Record again in a moment.
CAN'T SAVE · TAKES KEPT UNTIL POWER OFFThe FM-1 could not save your takes, and not for lack of room. They stay on their keys until you switch it off, then they are gone. If it happens again after a restart, reinstall Groove OS from the website.
STORE FULL · DELETE SOME TO SAVE THEMThere is no room to save the waiting takes. Give room back with DELETE UNUSED in SAMPLES, or delete a sample you don't need.
TOO LONG FOR THE ROOMThe bars you chose will not fit. Choose fewer bars, or give room back with DELETE UNUSED. While the music plays it adds STOP: MORE ROOM when stopping really gives the room: takes you undid give their room back once the music stops.
NO ROOM · DELETE A SAMPLE OR TRIM ITA fit's copy (or a bake's) needs room for all its bars and has too little even at LONG. Nothing changed. Delete a sample you don't use, or trim the sound so it fits fewer bars, and fit it again.
FITTED · LONG QUALITY TO FITNot a problem: the fitted copy was made at LONG because HIGH had too little room. Your next takes are still at the QUALITY you chose.
REC CALLED OFF · NO SOUND waited 20 seconds and heard nothing. Check INPUT and the meter, then again.
RECORD FIRSTThe key is empty. Record, or put a sample on it from SAMPLES.
2 FITTED PLAYING · THIS ONE: SPEEDTwo BEATS or TONES sounds are already playing. Stop one, or choose SPEED for this one.
FOR LOOPS: HALF A BAR OR MORESET TEMPO needs a sound of at least half a bar.
CHECKING THE PROJECTSDELETE UNUSED is looking at your saved projects first. It takes a moment.
SAVING THE KIT FIRSTYou opened another kit while the one you are building was not saved yet. It is saving now: press again.
I cannot find NEW KIT or DELETE UNUSED in the SAMPLER menuThey are on SAMPLES, the SAMPLER's front page: + NEW KIT at the top and DELETE UNUSED at the bottom. Press in the editor to get there.
NOTHING TO DELETE HEREThe row you held on is a + row or not saved yet.
EVERY SAMPLE IS IN USENothing can be deleted: each sample is on a key, a track or a saved project.
Tapping an empty key does nothingIt chops only while a sound longer than a second is playing. Otherwise it only moves the cursor there, and the next take goes there.
A black key is silent in KITIn KIT only the 16 white keys play. INST uses all of them.
REC: RECORD · PRESETS: A SAMPLE on an INST padINST has no instrument yet. Record one, or turn and put a sample on it.
CLEAR THE TRACK FIRSTA kit can go on an empty track, or on a drum track. Clear this track's notes and try again.
PROJECT FULL: 32 SAMPLESThe project already uses 32 samples. Put something else on a track to make room.